{
  "title": "ArcNautical Hong Kong Ownership-Layer Brief",
  "issue": 1,
  "headline": "102 of 1,493 OFAC-designated vessels (6.8%) are linked by OFAC to a Hong-Kong-registered company — across 72 distinct HK-registered entities — yet only 2 of the 102 fly the Hong Kong flag. The exposure is in the corporate layer, not the flag.",
  "angle": "corporate-layer",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "US Treasury OFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list",
    "source_url": "https://sanctionslistservice.ofac.treas.gov/api/PublicationPreview/exports/SDN.CSV",
    "data_as_of": "2026-06-04",
    "list_publish_date": "2026-06-02",
    "parsed_by": "ArcNautical production screening engine (commit 402da7a8)",
    "snapshot_path": "_test-output\\review-batch\\audit-torx-eleni\\9432062\\snapshots\\sanctions-ofac-sdn.json",
    "generated_at": "2026-06-05T00:50:54.092Z",
    "reproducible": "Re-pull SDN.CSV from source_url and re-run scripts/hk-tonnage-brief.ts. A linked entity counts as Hong-Kong-registered ONLY when its own SDN record carries a registration/incorporation field tagged \"(Hong Kong)\" (the HK_REG test in this script). The softer name-only signal is reported separately and excluded from the lead number."
  },
  "coverage": {
    "designated_vessels_total": 1493,
    "sdn_records_total": 19024,
    "method": "For each designated vessel, every name in its OFAC \"Linked To:\" remark is resolved to its own SDN record; the vessel is counted if any linked record is registered in Hong Kong (incorporation-grade test above)."
  },
  "finding": {
    "vessels_hk_incorporated_layer": 102,
    "vessels_hk_incorporated_pct": 6.8,
    "vessels_hk_name_only_layer": 3,
    "distinct_hk_incorporated_entities": 72,
    "distinct_hk_name_only_entities": 3,
    "hk_flagged_designated_total": 12,
    "hk_flagged_AND_in_hk_layer": 2,
    "by_regime_primary": [
      {
        "regime": "Iran",
        "vessels": 50
      },
      {
        "regime": "Russia",
        "vessels": 34
      },
      {
        "regime": "Terror-finance / proliferation",
        "vessels": 13
      },
      {
        "regime": "Venezuela",
        "vessels": 3
      },
      {
        "regime": "North Korea (DPRK)",
        "vessels": 2
      }
    ],
    "by_vessel_flag": [
      {
        "flag": "Panama",
        "vessels": 62
      },
      {
        "flag": "Barbados",
        "vessels": 7
      },
      {
        "flag": "China",
        "vessels": 6
      },
      {
        "flag": "Sao Tome and Principe",
        "vessels": 5
      },
      {
        "flag": "Comoros",
        "vessels": 3
      },
      {
        "flag": "Cameroon",
        "vessels": 3
      },
      {
        "flag": "Russia",
        "vessels": 2
      },
      {
        "flag": "Cook Islands",
        "vessels": 2
      },
      {
        "flag": "Hong Kong",
        "vessels": 2
      },
      {
        "flag": "(none recorded)",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Sint Maarten",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Guyana",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Eswatini",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Honduras",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "San Marino",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Sao Tome & Principe",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Gambia (False)",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Palau",
        "vessels": 1
      },
      {
        "flag": "Marshall Islands",
        "vessels": 1
      }
    ],
    "raw_program_tally_may_double_count": [
      {
        "program": "RUSSIA-EO14024",
        "vessels": 36
      },
      {
        "program": "IRAN-EO13902",
        "vessels": 35
      },
      {
        "program": "UKRAINE-EO13662",
        "vessels": 32
      },
      {
        "program": "IRAN-EO13846",
        "vessels": 15
      },
      {
        "program": "SDGT",
        "vessels": 13
      },
      {
        "program": "VENEZUELA-EO13850",
        "vessels": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "DPRK4",
        "vessels": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "flag_quality_context": {
    "note": "The Hong Kong FLAG is a quality register — this Brief is about the corporate layer, NOT the flag. Both Paris and Tokyo MoU place Hong Kong on the WHITE list (low detention).",
    "paris_mou": "white",
    "tokyo_mou": "white",
    "paris_detention_rate_pct": 1.5,
    "tokyo_detention_rate_pct": 1.2,
    "source": "Paris MoU 2021-2023 WGB performance list + Tokyo MoU 2023 lists, via server/arcnautical/scoring/v1/flag-performance.ts (FLAG_DATA.HK)."
  },
  "distinct_hk_entities": [
    {
      "name": "PROMINENT SHIPMANAGEMENT LIMITED",
      "vessels": 13
    },
    {
      "name": "SUNNE CO LIMITED",
      "vessels": 10
    },
    {
      "name": "KAI HENG LONG GLOBAL ENERGY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "BRECALIN HONG KONG CO LTD",
      "vessels": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "CFU SHIPPING CO LIMITED",
      "vessels": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "DERECTTOR COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "ARIES GLOBAL INVESTMENT LTD",
      "vessels": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "EVER SHINING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "JUI CHENG SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "SILVER BRIDGE SHIPPING CO-HKG",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GOLDEN WARRIOR SHIPPING CO. LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "COVART ENERGY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CIELO MARITIME LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CAP TEES SHIPPING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "KOHANA COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONGKONG UNITOP GROUP LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "LAINEY SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "TAI FENG HAI SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CATHAY HARVEST MARINE LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CELIA ARMAS LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CERES SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GAFFODIL CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "AMBRA LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "LEPUS SAI LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "SERPENS LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "LUSEIA MARINE SERVICES CO LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GIFTED PEAK LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HUIHAI HONG KONG SHIPPING CO LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONG KONG HANYUAN SHIPPING CO LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "KAT DENNINGS LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "MERLUZA GROUP LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONGKONG YAQING SHIPPING CO LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "YOUNG FOLKS INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GOZOSO GROUP LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONG KONG HESHUN TRANSPORTATION TRADING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "SEASKY MARINE CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "SUN SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "BRITNEY RYDER LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "AM ASIA M6 LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "ASTRID MENKS LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CANES VENATICI LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "DEXIANG SHIPPING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "EMBRACE QUE LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "STAR TWINKLE SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONG KONG PRIME TRADING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "FINE SANMATA SHIPPING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "ARES SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "REGAL LIBERTY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HONG KONG HANGSHUN SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "U BEACON SHIPPING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "PEACE WORTH SHIPPING CO., LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HOZDRA GROUP LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GREAT TIMES SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "YU HONG DE COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "JULIET TRADING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "BLUE OCEAN MARINE COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "ABGO TRADING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "KRAPE MYRTLE CO LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "CORNIOLA LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "ALL WIN SHIPPING MANAGEMENT LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "COSTIN SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "LISBOA SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "EXTENSIVE SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "XIFOIDES GROUP LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "YEGUA TRADING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GREAT SAIL SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "ARDEN ANGEL SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "VERDA GAS CO LTD",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GS CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "GJADES SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "HK YUANHANG SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "AGILITY SHIPPING LIMITED",
      "vessels": 1
    }
  ],
  "named_examples": [
    {
      "imo": "8126070",
      "name": "SHANG YUAN BAO",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "DPRK4"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "JUI CHENG SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "8318867",
      "name": "CALM BRIDGE",
      "flag": "-0-",
      "programs": [
        "DPRK4"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "SILVER BRIDGE SHIPPING CO-HKG [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9143506",
      "name": "GLORY HARVEST",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "IRAN-EO13846"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "GOLDEN WARRIOR SHIPPING CO. LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9777670",
      "name": "SANAR 15",
      "flag": "Russia",
      "programs": [
        "RUSSIA-EO14024"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "COVART ENERGY LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9191711",
      "name": "MEHLE",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "CIELO MARITIME LTD [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9150365",
      "name": "YORGOS",
      "flag": "Sint Maarten",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "CAP TEES SHIPPING CO., LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9254082",
      "name": "KOHANA",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "KOHANA COMPANY LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9230907",
      "name": "MOONBAY",
      "flag": "Guyana",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "HONGKONG UNITOP GROUP LTD [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9830769",
      "name": "HUNTER STAR",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "RUSSIA-EO14024"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "CFU SHIPPING CO LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9934498",
      "name": "NAN FENG ZHI XING",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "RUSSIA-EO14024"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "CFU SHIPPING CO LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9220952",
      "name": "JANET",
      "flag": "Panama",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "LAINEY SHIPPING LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "imo": "9007386",
      "name": "FENGSHUN",
      "flag": "Eswatini",
      "programs": [
        "SDGT"
      ],
      "hk_linked": [
        "KAI HENG LONG GLOBAL ENERGY LIMITED [registered in Hong Kong]"
      ]
    }
  ]
}